Scam: Scammers send e-mails to victims that look like an official correspondence from a bank, a legitimate online service, or a government agency. Victims are then tricked into entering their personal information at "official" websites. Some fake e-mails ask victims to call a fake 800 number where they are asked to enter personal information via the telephone.
How to protect yourself: Never respond to e-mails asking you for personal information without first double checking the alleged "source" of the contact. If you need to confirm whether something is from your bank, find the official customer service phone number listed on your bank's official website. Don't just go by what is on the e-mail.