Getting More Minutes per Charge

1. Turn off ports.
2. Create Power-Saving Hardware Profiles.
3. Configure your display to turn off when not in use.

Extending the Overall Life

1. Use a cooling pad when using a notebook computer on your lap.
2. Avoid propping your laptop on a pillow, blanket, or other soft surface that can heat up.
3. Clean your desk. 
4. Never store your laptop in a place where the air temperature exceeds 80 degrees Fahrenheit
5. Consider taking your battery out when using your laptop plugged into AC power.
6. For lithium ion batteries, you do not need to discharge them fully and recharge constantly.

Picking a Laptop for Maximum Battery Life

1. An ultra-low-voltage processor
2. A solid-state storage drive
3. An LED display.
4. A smaller screen.

via pcmag

1. Turn your brightness down.
2. Defragment your hard drive.
3. Run one program at a time.
4. Take care of your battery.
5. Use hibernate-not standby.
6. Avoid using your disc drive.

via ezinearticles

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1. Defrag regularly

2. Dim your screen

3. Cut down on programs running in the background.

4. Cut down external devices 5. Add more RAM

6. Run off a hard drive rather than CD/DVD

7. Keep the battery contacts clean

8. Take care of your battery

9. Hibernate not standby

10. Keep operating temperature down

Full list via itworld